X (formerly Twitter)

Best Self Hosted Alternatives to X (formerly Twitter)

A curated collection of the 3 best self hosted alternatives to X (formerly Twitter).

X (formerly Twitter) is a social networking and microblogging platform for real-time public conversation, short posts, media sharing, and direct messaging. It enables users, businesses, and publishers to broadcast updates, discover news, and engage audiences.

Alternatives List

#1
Mastodon

Mastodon

Self-hostable federated microblogging server for the ActivityPub network, with timelines, media attachments, moderation tools, and rich web/mobile clients.

Mastodon screenshot

Mastodon is a self-hostable social networking server that lets communities run their own microblogging platform while participating in a broader federated network. It implements the ActivityPub standard so users on different servers can follow, reply, and interact across instances.

Key Features

  • ActivityPub federation for cross-instance follows, replies, boosts, and content delivery
  • Rich posting features: content warnings, polls, media attachments, custom emoji, and hashtags
  • Multiple timelines (home, local, federated) plus lists and search/discovery features
  • Moderation and safety tooling: reporting, domain blocks, account-level actions, and role-based admin controls
  • Media handling via background processing, previews, and configurable limits/retention
  • APIs for clients and integrations (widely supported by third-party mobile/desktop apps)
  • Theming/branding and instance configuration for community-specific rules and identity

Use Cases

  • Run a community-owned social network for an organization, group, or region
  • Create a moderated public microblogging instance with federation to the wider Fediverse
  • Deploy a private/internal social feed (optionally limited federation) for teams or associations

Limitations and Considerations

  • Requires ongoing moderation and operational work (abuse handling, federation policy, and resource planning)
  • Search and discovery are constrained compared to some centralized networks due to federation/privacy trade-offs

Mastodon is widely deployed and integrates with a broad ecosystem of clients and Fediverse services. It is a strong choice when you want a familiar microblogging experience while keeping control of policies, data, and community governance.

49.5kstars
7.4kforks
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#2
Misskey

Misskey

Self-hosted ActivityPub social network server with customizable UI, reactions, drive storage, powerful moderation, and federation with Mastodon and other Fediverse apps.

Misskey screenshot

Misskey is a federated social networking server for running your own community in the Fediverse. It implements ActivityPub to interoperate with other platforms (for example Mastodon) while offering a feature-rich web UI and many social interaction tools.

Key Features

  • ActivityPub federation for following, posting, and interacting across the Fediverse
  • Multiple timelines (local, global, and social/following) and rich post composer options
  • Emoji reactions (including custom instance emoji) and advanced interaction features (renotes/boost-like sharing, quotes depending on configuration)
  • Built-in “Drive” for user file storage/attachments and media management
  • Lists, user discovery, notifications, and content warnings/sensitive media controls
  • Instance customization (themes/branding, custom emojis, role/permission configuration depending on version)
  • Moderation and administration tooling (user management, reporting, federation controls, and anti-abuse measures)

Use Cases

  • Host a private or public community microblogging site that still federates outward
  • Provide an organization/club social space with custom branding, emoji, and policies
  • Run a regional or interest-based Fediverse server with strong moderation controls

Limitations and Considerations

  • Operational complexity can be higher than simpler Fediverse servers due to feature breadth and frequent version changes; upgrades should follow official notes closely.

Misskey is well-suited for communities that want a modern, highly interactive Fediverse experience. It combines ActivityPub interoperability with extensive social features and strong instance-level customization, making it a common choice for admins seeking more than “baseline” microblogging.

10.9kstars
1.5kforks
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#3
Friendica

Friendica

Self-hostable federated social network for long-form posts, groups, forums, and cross-network connectivity via ActivityPub and other protocols.

Friendica screenshot

Friendica is a self-hostable, decentralized social networking server that lets you run your own community while still interacting with people across the Fediverse. It focuses on privacy controls, rich social features (profiles, groups, events), and broad federation/bridge support.

Key Features

  • Federates with other networks via ActivityPub and additionally supports legacy protocols (where available) such as OStatus/DFRN for wide interoperability
  • Granular privacy controls for posts (public, friends, circles/ACLs) and per-contact permissions
  • Groups and community spaces, including forum-style “groups” accounts for discussions
  • Rich content: long-form posts, attachments/media, link previews, and threading/conversations
  • Built-in directory/discovery features (server/user directories, contact discovery)
  • Extensible via addons/plugins and themes; supports multiple languages

Use Cases

  • Host a private community that can still follow/interact with Mastodon/other Fediverse users
  • Replace centralized social platforms for organizations, clubs, or interest groups
  • Provide a “social hub” server to aggregate conversations across multiple federated services

Limitations and Considerations

  • Interoperability varies by protocol/remote platform features; not every feature maps cleanly across the Fediverse
  • Some bridge/protocol capabilities depend on addons and may require additional configuration

Friendica is a strong option if you want a feature-rich social network with fine-grained privacy controls and broad federation support. It suits both small private communities and public instances that want to participate in the wider Fediverse.

1.6kstars
367forks
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Why choose an open source alternative?

  • •Data ownership: Keep your data on your own servers
  • •No vendor lock-in: Freedom to switch or modify at any time
  • •Cost savings: Reduce or eliminate subscription fees
  • •Transparency: Audit the code and know exactly what's running